在职硕士--写作课程电子版教材

写作

目 录

第一章 写作简介………………………………….…………(1)

第二章 历年写作真题 …………………...…………………(5)

第三章 写作题型分类………………………………….……(9)

第四章 写作参考范文………………………………….……(25)

第五章 写作常见错误…………………………….…………(47)

第六章 写作用词练习…………………………….…………(49)

第七章 句子写作练习…………………………….…………(51)

第八章 段落写作练习…………………………….…………(62)

附录 写作练习答案……………………………….…………(69)

第一章 写作简介

一、写作试题要求

根据《 在职硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试大纲》的规定，考生应具有用英语书面表达思想的基本能力。写作部分设一题，15分。考试时间为30分钟。要求考生在规定的时间内按照题目要求用英语写出一篇不少于150个词的短文。考试形式为根据提纲作文、看图作文、描述图表或根据一篇所给文章写出内容提要或读后感等。

二、写作评分原则

写作采用总体评分（Global Scoring）方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（Reward Scores），而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。

主要从内容和语言两个方面进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，和语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍有密切的关系。因此写作评分标准主要围绕四个方面：（1）内容切题；（2）能正确地表达思想；（3）意义连贯；（4）无重大语言错误。

三、写作评分标准

阅卷标准共分为五等：2分、5分、8分、11分、14分。具体标准如下：

2分……条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。

5分……基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。

8分……基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。

11分……切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。

14分……切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。

注: 1）白卷,作文与题目毫不相关,或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给0分。

2）字数不足应酌情扣分（如题目中给出主题句,起始句,结束句,均不得计入所写字数）

3）规定内容未写全者，按比例扣分。

四、写作评分实例

第四章 写作参考范文

一、阐述观点型

（一）对立观点型

1．Should College Students Be Allowed to Get Married?

There is no denying the fact that it is a hotly debated topic today whether college students should be allowed to get married. Some time ago, the ban was lifted by some universities on students getting married. To this people’s attitudes differ sharply. Some hold the positive view. They say that most college students are adults and that it is a basic right for those who have reached the appropriate ages to get married. Besides, they argue that with their biological and emotional needs met, these students will study better. // The ban on this means a severe violation of human rights.

Many others, however, hold the negative/opposite view. They claim that the university or college is a place to study instead of a community to lead family life. Allowing college students to get married would adversely affect their study. For instance, they would spend too much time attending their family and love, unable to concentrate on their school work.

As far as I am concerned,// Weighing the arguments of both sides, I believe that it is OK to allow college students to get married. Anyway, this is their freedom. Actually, we don’t have to worry too much because facts have shown that most college students would choose not to get married in the face of such fierce competition and heavy school work.

(或 As far as I am concerned,// Weighing the arguments of both sides, I believe that college students should not be allowed to get married. Though mostly adults, they are actually immature psychologically. Their wishes to get married are, more often than not, impulses. Besides, as students, they are not ready to support a family financially.